He won elections in March partly on his tough stance on corruption.
He has vowed to trace and recover the “mind-boggling” sums of money that have been stolen from the oil sector.
Oil exports account for around 90% of Nigeria’s foreign currency earnings and because of low oil prices, the country faces tough economic challenges.
Mr Buhari, who took office at the end of May, is expected to announce his cabinet in the coming hours.
Over the last four months, he has been dealing directly with the top civil servants, who run the ministries.
He has already split the state-owned NNPC oil company into two entities in a bid to tackle corruption.
Issue of trust
The BBC’s Will Ross in Lagos says there had been plenty of speculation that President Buhari would put himself in charge of the crucial oil ministry.
He made the announcement at the UN General Assembly in New York, confirming that a junior minister would take care of the day-to-day running of the ministry while he took overall charge of cleaning up the notoriously corrupt sector.
The Nigerian leader said that in about 18 months he would consider whether to break up the NNPC further to improve efficiency and better root out corruption, Reuters news agency reports.
“We want to see what we have done in reducing the size and redeploying most of the management. We want to see the impact of that before we decide further,” he said.
In the 1970s and 1990s Mr Buhari held key positions in the oil sector so he has some relevant experience for the job.
Some of his biographical information
The 72-year-old is first Nigerian opposition candidate to win a presidential election
Military ruler of Nigeria from 1984 to 1985 until deposed in a coup
Poor human rights record during that time and a disciplinarian – civil servants late for work had to do frog jumps
Appointed petroleum minister in 1976 and then chair of the newly created NNPC state oil firm
Under Gen Sani Abacha in the 1990s, was chair of Petroleum Trust Fund that undertook development projects
A Muslim from northern Nigeria, he is seen as incorruptible
The president wants to recover stolen money and is also keen to ensure that those responsible for the looting end up in court, our reporter says.
Some analysts suggest he does not trust anyone else to do such an important job.
His list of cabinet appointees has be presented to the Senate for approval.
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